Depth1

How Scripture references itself

341,289 cross references, resolving to 142,221 distinct connections between the 1,189 chapters of the Bible. Every one of them is drawn below.

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Each of the 1,189 chapters is a bar along the foot, in canonical order from Genesis to Revelation and sized by its verse count; each arc above is a pair of chapters that reference one another. 43,111 of the 141,124 connections cross between the testaments. Hover or arrow along the axis to pick out one chapter; click to open it.

Book by book

Every reference aggregated to the books at each end. Rows are the book referring, columns the book referred to, and the shading is a log scale — Psalms to Psalms alone accounts for 11,624 references, so a linear scale would leave one dark square on an otherwise blank grid. The two halves are not mirror images: 29,564 references run from the New Testament back into the Old, against 42,692 the other way.

Cross references between books of the Bible. Each row is the book a reference is made from; each column is the book referred to.
Referring book	Gen	Exod	Lev	Num	Deut	Josh	Judg	Ruth	1Sam	2Sam	1Kgs	2Kgs	1Chr	2Chr	Ezra	Neh	Esth	Job	Ps	Prov	Eccl	Song	Isa	Jer	Lam	Ezek	Dan	Hos	Joel	Amos	Obad	Jonah	Mic	Nah	Hab	Zeph	Hag	Zech	Mal	Matt	Mark	Luke	John	Acts	Rom	1Cor	2Cor	Gal	Eph	Phil	Col	1Thess	2Thess	1Tim	2Tim	Titus	Phlm	Heb	Jas	1Pet	2Pet	1John	2John	3John	Jude	Rev
Gen	4209	451	125	319	382	196	216	58	321	220	140	122	200	85	23	75	46	336	998	380	110	36	523	280	23	203	136	71	17	44	5	21	47	5	18	14	3	41	36	336	52	291	181	284	222	132	86	90	100	42	41	35	9	78	19	30	5	243	59	90	40	47	1	1	15	133
Exod	399	2508	481	509	628	162	88	6	158	83	156	63	111	145	38	93	5	118	752	165	43	28	422	206	13	215	57	33	30	39	1	19	31	13	17	7	7	70	37	223	50	145	168	199	101	130	76	31	77	25	26	20	9	31	21	14		251	43	58	15	37	1		8	202
Lev	122	537	1859	360	323	39	31	9	67	27	54	68	26	84	28	44	1	59	278	112	13	3	282	173	25	290	24	31	19	27	1	4	23	5	4	4	17	40	51	153	36	105	103	96	160	93	91	45	75	29	24	20	7	45	15	27	1	257	30	95	10	58	3		13	96
Num	333	654	440	1912	467	261	101	9	137	71	68	44	191	92	35	63	8	52	454	74	11	10	258	144	13	166	46	33	20	26	2	9	34	6	8	8	3	33	29	148	25	87	108	133	97	124	56	25	49	28	17	17	6	40	18	14		175	29	48	28	16	5	1	24	101
Deut	272	546	274	424	1780	311	130	19	104	78	132	89	73	152	20	102	5	101	772	227	19	4	473	401	57	243	58	73	25	56	4	10	48	11	26	24	15	46	60	215	45	183	126	146	153	103	75	41	66	25	22	27	15	48	25	20		162	48	51	32	49	1		9	101
Josh	222	211	42	296	408	1063	203	4	178	100	108	75	118	84	24	37	9	36	240	63	20	3	155	84	4	55	29	21	11	19	1	5	19	3	11	9	2	21	6	82	9	49	40	83	41	32	20	13	18	11	5	8	2	9	16	6		66	16	4	13	6			3	61
Judg	228	130	43	117	202	251	779	4	269	95	92	70	32	82	14	21	10	59	306	130	31	8	157	115	9	33	18	40	7	4	1	8	29	3	8	2		12	8	87	7	54	56	50	48	43	37	15	18	19	2	12	6	8	5	2	2	38	24	14	6	10	1	1	2	48
Ruth	55	10	7	3	28	6	14	53	21	15	10	9	8				3	17	52	30	8	3	18	8	3	4	3	3	2	3			2			2		3	1	38	1	29	6	8	7	7	6	2	8	4	4	5	3	7	6		1	14	1	3		3	1			3
1Sam	255	191	77	133	150	188	283	22	1389	304	154	101	110	64	9	28	15	100	533	192	39	3	208	146	17	48	39	49	11	30		8	26	2	12	7		23	20	147	22	122	79	101	69	33	48	13	27	23	11	19	3	13	18	2	1	46	27	34	8	11	1	2	6	44
2Sam	241	111	38	85	131	118	126	21	469	931	224	71	301	71	7	21	20	98	628	178	32	6	210	109	16	60	29	21	11	25	2	11	27	4	12	3	1	20	8	128	16	92	52	62	49	36	19	8	20	13	4	8	7	5	10	7	2	44	23	23	7	10			1	37
1Kgs	195	247	65	106	250	141	121	6	223	303	1263	367	200	499	37	42	27	79	439	165	55	8	287	253	12	178	87	31	16	49	3	13	32	4	13	8	2	50	15	196	42	125	101	134	66	46	35	14	30	13	10	7	1	12	12	1	2	61	35	25	14	16	2		4	82
2Kgs	136	137	77	86	246	96	85	9	149	101	614	1224	85	470	26	62	19	66	306	93	23	2	414	397	28	190	74	73	7	60	2	12	33	8	8	9	2	35	16	165	52	129	102	127	40	30	28	7	13	13	1	10	10	9	5	5	1	48	17	16	3	6		2	1	55
1Chr	252	184	55	248	124	221	93	13	268	406	245	120	903	244	74	121	7	32	516	45	20	6	170	108	5	59	27	8	6	15	1	7	17	1	2	2	14	17	9	68	3	51	40	63	37	28	29	5	28	19	8	5	4	9	6	4	3	47	8	14	3	6		1	3	47
2Chr	128	230	134	141	306	133	95	5	124	132	557	379	392	1254	76	110	16	77	546	144	39	7	344	355	26	128	93	56	18	22	4	5	39	5	9	5	6	41	14	141	27	103	65	122	52	42	36	17	22	17	12	12	7	13	16	2		51	40	20	6	16	3	1	2	96
Ezra	16	42	50	57	61	32	10		13	10	37	47	100	104	391	229	32	15	114	34	5		75	73	11	28	59	3	3		1	4	3	1	2	3	34	35	5	30	7	15	18	37	21	12	19	5	3	7	1	3	1	4	6	3		8	5	3	2	4	1	3		17
Neh	65	92	57	66	144	65	37	2	33	28	46	48	112	136	225	581	16	25	280	49	19	3	116	130	19	45	38	7	4	9	1	2	13	1	3	5	10	17	20	64	9	41	29	79	29	25	29	10	14	13	4	6	2	14	13	6	1	29	9	12	4	6				21
Esth	47	19	2	3	24	9	8		35	25	28	13	7	11	13	15	337	30	89	45	15	5	49	25		11	75	4	3	7	1	4	1	1	1	2		10	2	31	6	21	7	27	14	6	2	3	11	7	2	3	2	4	1	1		5	3	5	1	1				16
Job	297	139	36	60	184	25	40	10	100	73	90	58	24	51	14	27	26	2851	1526	432	137	8	617	300	92	145	108	79	18	64	6	25	43	11	38	17	7	47	42	222	32	178	92	123	175	102	76	22	55	13	15	29	12	33	17	10	1	88	122	52	39	34			22	134
Ps	481	651	108	275	739	193	178	16	574	434	218	145	271	267	55	178	55	974	11624	823	170	81	2465	965	219	419	299	169	65	82	13	70	201	58	124	62	20	179	113	830	129	669	569	531	541	215	228	82	284	139	78	69	66	59	98	67	2	458	197	270	88	139	4	8	35	870
Prov	199	108	43	48	160	23	54	8	195	134	163	52	37	71	14	49	51	334	1096	2787	213	40	394	251	6	98	87	68	9	58	5	5	51	6	27	12	12	37	29	353	60	262	199	149	167	111	105	29	99	36	32	42	18	70	58	29	7	106	152	90	60	65	5	8	21	144
Eccl	127	29	3	16	50	14	14	2	49	42	79	31	22	50	6	20	14	158	283	223	535	8	136	66	11	13	41	11	3	14		6	12	1	12	2	7	11	20	89	17	99	39	63	48	26	19	7	20	12	10	8	3	19	10	7		28	39	18	19	10	2		2	25
Song	29	27	3	12	13	3	6	3	8	12	19	1	2	9	2	2	1	7	174	42	8	405	150	36	4	27	5	21	1		1		6			6	3	12	5	65	10	53	74	34	28	18	34	16	48	28	20	8	2	7	2			40	6	20	7	5			2	70
Isa	271	323	103	132	449	103	97	11	151	92	170	328	59	280	60	99	25	351	2068	272	51	49	5583	1521	153	783	281	356	113	195	19	29	228	83	107	125	29	349	133	586	105	434	389	337	418	140	139	66	174	71	40	52	63	40	25	46	1	274	87	159	68	65	2		25	746
Jer	248	238	144	148	615	114	104	5	180	97	258	408	75	342	69	129	28	232	1267	298	49	24	1937	5426	307	1279	250	355	86	270	36	35	234	81	87	150	16	303	65	320	58	256	157	291	185	78	75	40	59	17	12	34	26	29	46	11	2	153	68	65	45	24	1		12	376
Lam	17	16	17	6	69	4	9	2	27	14	13	31	4	24	5	21	1	84	332	12	4	1	186	381	252	143	20	34	7	21	4	6	25	6	11	15	1	14	8	27	5	37	2	8	11	5	5	1	3			3	2	4	2	1		12	4	4	2				2	27
Ezek	240	268	327	231	355	79	55	3	87	59	176	237	64	227	32	60	6	129	687	170	20	31	1099	1497	144	3971	188	206	64	161	25	12	155	71	46	96	21	194	72	232	43	189	146	170	142	85	56	32	61	18	27	24	15	40	20	22		143	52	63	45	38	2		15	400
Dan	105	62	20	33	59	20	23	1	50	19	53	39	19	53	55	38	51	86	396	88	20	5	310	193	28	147	1156	25	9	23	3	6	21	10	23	4	3	62	11	140	45	131	81	182	45	36	30	9	29	14	10	16	19	19	20	3		53	22	33	14	15	1		13	306
Hos	47	34	31	24	93	11	40		51	17	76	135	3	33	6	17		52	195	69	7	10	377	408	25	206	28	524	21	113	1	5	81	10	13	26	7	66	26	48	7	54	51	39	54	18	20	8	14	11	1	6	5	5	6	6		19	18	13	9	12			2	45
Joel	13	21	9	10	35	5	9		9	7	11	12	1	26	1	8	1	12	99	9		6	133	79	8	65	11	23	91	38	7	8	14	9	4	17	6	36	10	17	5	15	4	15	12	6	5	3	2	6	1	1	4	3	1			3	10	2	2	1			1	41
Amos	33	44	32	17	73	8	20	1	24	14	54	87	5	42		13	7	36	114	21	14		225	241	16	135	15	79	43	238	6	7	50	16	12	21	6	37	14	40	7	23	13	42	20	13	2		6	2	1	6	1	1	3			4	14	5	6			1	3	30
Obad	4			3	2	7	4		2	3	1	5	2	1	3			6	32	5			43	50	6	26	6	2	12	15	4		10	3	3	2		10	4	6	1	5	1			3								1					3	1	1				1	9
Jonah	21	9	1	6	5	9	5		11	9	12	9	1	6	6	3	4	22	101	3	4	1	32	27	5	14	10	6	9	8		39	6	2	5	2				25	2	18	4	25	3	4	2		3	3			1					5	7							8
Mic	23	25	16	22	53	19	6	2	30	18	20	36	5	31	3	10	3	24	206	35	2		306	202	26	98	30	67	15	58	6	3	73	7	15	17	4	56	11	44	10	41	34	36	42	11	7	1	8	1	5	2	4	2	5	3	1	17	8	4	8	5			3	57
Nah	9	9	4	2	5	4	2		7	5	4	13	3	14	1	2		12	65	4			123	67	10	41	12	4	10	7	1	3	9	37	6	10		7	4	8		5	2	2	5	2	1	1	1			1			1			2	1		4	1			1	25
Hab	18	33		13	28	18	6		3	7	7	12		5	1	4	1	14	169	15	4		120	120	9	22	30	8	2	7	2	4	14	10	26	3	1	14	2	11	2	11	5	15	7	3	4	4	2	4	1	2	3	4				11	7	5	2	1			1	33
Zeph	14	5	2	3	16	2	1		8	3	6	16		13	1	7	1	11	86	9	1	1	189	138	11	72	4	23	26	25	3	1	33	10	9	42	3	40	9	19	1	13	10	7	19	4	2	1	3	3	3	3		1	1			8	5	8	12	4				26
Hag	8	15	9	5	11	4	3		2	5	9	3	8	11	29	10		5	28	9	3	2	37	18	4	13	10	5	6	6		1	6		1	1	58	24	11	14	2	13	9	6	3	5	4	2	2	3	2	2		1	5	2		5	1	1	1				1	10
Zech	45	49	36	27	78	20	13	4	26	13	32	28	16	50	33	26	3	34	237	36	10	8	484	358	23	214	81	64	43	59	14	1	86	8	18	36	40	373	30	130	25	89	94	80	56	32	24	10	35	9	15	12	5	9	8	5		55	25	26	8	12			4	177
Mal	35	18	24	14	51	11	2	1	17	5	8	3	6	15	8	21	4	28	95	24	7	2	129	77	5	56	21	19	14	12	3		11	4	3	8	12	28	75	62	17	62	40	28	32	15	6	6	7	5		7	6	5	4	5		21	10	13	4	2			1	36
Matt	184	115	75	69	134	33	39	17	100	55	134	93	48	85	22	29	13	136	661	227	41	25	572	234	25	157	131	44	13	25	5	17	40	3	9	14	17	103	71	2411	922	1585	1074	796	333	269	184	113	166	80	112	80	57	105	89	50	10	289	143	163	92	139	7	11	38	424
Mark	93	48	27	29	70	10	10	2	30	20	57	39	11	32	3	13	11	58	273	69	20	9	244	94	18	59	60	24	7	7	1	7	14	1	2	4	1	39	25	1092	723	860	644	401	123	120	59	45	44	46	39	21	21	33	44	25	1	149	63	58	25	54		1	15	124
Luke	238	120	52	62	118	29	40	13	101	55	82	74	41	64	12	22	16	155	792	223	51	29	635	241	28	159	119	54	13	31	3	20	48	7	13	17	7	100	54	1556	723	1766	920	809	280	197	146	83	148	102	72	68	40	86	69	35	5	251	148	158	88	94	7	9	20	318
John	141	75	29	45	86	17	14	4	47	16	47	37	14	31	9	25	2	65	497	138	29	34	498	130	14	92	48	44	2	15		1	26		5	12	2	62	30	880	339	754	3572	635	381	235	196	130	188	106	111	62	52	67	51	38	1	336	70	177	52	383	18	5	26	328
Acts	246	183	42	81	137	54	26	1	122	55	97	66	58	70	37	46	20	99	586	148	31	10	508	234	20	131	141	50	24	39	2	26	55		16	14	4	80	27	689	260	674	662	4152	420	387	278	221	172	105	107	136	44	109	168	59	19	252	92	154	72	62	15	21	29	242
Rom	121	54	21	26	97	15	4	3	34	15	22	14	10	21	7	13	2	89	442	128	31	3	312	160	14	91	43	28	5	13		7	26	6	8	12	1	30	13	287	46	220	338	381	1282	370	287	299	289	173	165	124	67	109	105	86	19	246	115	241	74	132	10	8	39	192
1Cor	69	54	23	52	65	10	11	2	23	22	11	8	16	9	6	15	1	52	204	88	36	12	146	65	5	31	34	14	4	9		7	3	1	2	6	4	20	12	242	57	172	237	360	395	1032	341	158	198	105	120	123	51	94	80	39	15	147	68	137	49	80	7	10	23	138
2Cor	40	51	5	14	33	9	10	1	26	13	15	18	15	14	13	15		41	154	68	7	5	131	61	5	41	13	7	4			3	3	1	2	3	5	10	5	126	27	79	152	253	295	353	784	129	132	133	86	105	41	61	59	26	18	127	40	92	31	66	9	7	18	101
Gal	54	10	9	10	29	7	1	2	6	10	7	2	5	4		4	2	20	73	18	9	1	65	27	2	14	5	11	2	1	1	3	3		2	1		5	3	96	19	67	104	207	320	147	126	302	85	46	46	35	18	34	20	23	4	113	33	58	24	60	5	2	16	69
Eph	47	20	12	9	37	8	2	2	11	9	11	3	15	7	2	10	6	25	157	86	11	5	143	62	2	25	25	13	1	5	1	2	8		1	3	1	22	8	122	25	88	172	160	236	161	128	102	344	69	195	55	34	73	51	54	11	119	36	116	32	69	2	1	21	94
Phil	21	4		3	12	2		1	9	7	4	3	5	8	4	6	1	18	114	37	2	3	77	21		5	8	5	1	1		1	6		3	2		4	6	91	11	76	108	128	176	116	143	61	92	162	59	75	30	43	42	23	17	79	29	71	40	31	5	6	16	60
Col	13	3	13	7	20			1	5	1	3	2	7	5		8	3	11	86	33	9	2	59	14	1	19	7	3		2		1	6		1	2		6	6	81	25	58	106	94	150	116	88	59	196	57	154	62	21	39	36	27	14	101	31	60	25	57	8	1	13	67
1Thess	12	9	11	9	19	1	2		15	5	5	4	4	2	1	5	3	15	53	46	3	3	50	23	3	11	6	3	2	2		1	4	1	1	3		8	6	73	16	47	54	169	127	133	103	51	71	53	46	123	61	46	37	25	9	67	12	68	33	32	1	3	15	61
2Thess	8	5	1	3	15	1	1	1	4	1	2		2	1				4	50	17	1		48	9	1	7	17	3					2			3	1	3	2	43	10	22	43	25	66	39	38	10	31	19	13	69	44	10	23	12	3	32	9	20	16	14		2	7	65
1Tim	48	12	14	7	51	7	4	3	14	6	11	15	7	12	2	6	2	13	111	62	17	2	74	39	3	24	15	9	1	3		1	8	1	3			5	7	103	17	87	73	149	117	93	58	54	61	41	40	32	21	221	113	114	6	77	28	75	44	32	9	6	20	94
2Tim	8	12		6	8	3			6	5	6		4	7	5	7		5	74	29	2		50	34	1	11	18	4		1		1	4	3	1		2	5	3	69	15	72	65	160	104	69	55	19	48	34	31	34	21	117	117	49	5	61	19	50	49	23	3	2	20	78
Titus	8	2	5	3	4				10	2	2	1	1			1		11	28	20	6		27	3		11	4	1	2	1	1		3		1		1	2	2	29	14	30	31	45	75	31	31	28	40	15	24	13	11	88	45	55	2	21	9	41	25	20	3	2	7	18
Phlm	2				1					4			1					1	4	1			3	1																9	2	4		11	12	11	25	7	14	17	14	10	3	4	7	3	12	8	5	9	1	5	2	4
Heb	170	147	105	108	100	36	18	3	40	28	37	20	25	30	3	15		48	356	75	13	8	252	106	4	60	52	17	5	6	1		17	6	7	3	4	28	13	247	75	178	223	228	255	137	108	91	124	75	77	58	37	61	51	31	7	902	54	155	59	75	7	2	25	164
Jas	44	26	10	11	24	11	7		11	16	19	13	10	21	1	9	3	61	166	94	17	1	102	42	5	18	17	8	5	8	1	5	11		7	4		11	9	138	31	99	52	83	109	68	33	52	35	21	26	21	7	32	16	21	1	57	143	56	24	39		2	14	52
1Pet	27	13	13	4	16		1		11	2	5	4	6	13		1	4	22	140	52	5	7	113	37	1	29	34	9	2	7		1	7		1	1	2	26	8	144	32	98	103	138	187	81	72	40	107	46	54	39	20	47	33	48	4	112	61	194	36	46	4	5	15	59
2Pet	17	11		12	15	4		1	2	3	13	6	2	1	1	2		9	54	19	7	2	48	27	1	16	8	7	4	3			9	1	3	3	1	1	8	61	15	42	47	32	48	34	33	14	26	24	18	21	12	26	21	18	1	38	14	43	89	24	2	1	42	45
1John	9	7	6	9	15	1			5	2	3		1	4		2	1	18	106	33	4	1	38	24	1	10	6	5	1	2			5		1			6	4	77	24	48	343	53	87	47	48	31	49	14	26	17	5	32	20	23		72	42	65	27	385	20	8	13	72
2John				1															2								1	1										1	1	3	3	3	18	1	4	7	1	11	5	3	3	3	3	5	4	2	1	9		7	3	25	7	2		4
3John	2	1									2	3							5	4			4				1					1								7	3	6	9	10	5	9	11	4	3	7	6	11	2	2	2	2	5	1	1	6	2	3	4	6		2
Jude	8	3	4	10	8	1			1	1			3	1		1		5	30	5	3		18	6	3	9	7	4		2			1					5	2	21	5	15	23	24	30	21	4	10	16	5	5	10	4	13	16	9		15	7	17	33	10			12	23
Rev	67	101	18	34	56	13	15	1	22	8	43	25	15	26	10	16	5	59	419	57	10	15	477	193	16	205	218	31	32	23	1	8	18	11	19	16	2	85	20	260	47	171	202	117	120	93	76	24	61	33	30	29	57	35	37	8		124	26	56	41	53	2	1	26	2180

none
1+
3+
10+
33+
107+
347+
1,119+
3,607+

Most connected chapters

Counted by how many distinct chapters each one is linked to, in either direction.

Strongest links between books

Directed, and excluding a book referring to itself — within-book referencing dominates every measure and would otherwise fill this list without saying anything.

Psalms → Isaiah2,465
Isaiah → Psalms2,068
Jeremiah → Isaiah1,937
Matthew → Luke1,585
Luke → Matthew1,556
Job → Psalms1,526
Isaiah → Jeremiah1,521
Ezekiel → Jeremiah1,497
Jeremiah → Ezekiel1,279
Jeremiah → Psalms1,267
Ezekiel → Isaiah1,099
Proverbs → Psalms1,096
Mark → Matthew1,092
Matthew → John1,074
Genesis → Psalms998
Psalms → Job974
Psalms → Jeremiah965
Matthew → Mark922
Luke → John920
John → Matthew880
Psalms → Revelationcrosses testaments870
Mark → Luke860
Psalms → Matthewcrosses testaments830
Psalms → Proverbs823
Luke → Acts809
Matthew → Acts796
Luke → Psalmscrosses testaments792
Isaiah → Ezekiel783
Deuteronomy → Psalms772
John → Luke754

Cross-reference data from OpenBible.info, used under CC BY 4.0 and derived primarily from the public-domain Treasury of Scripture Knowledge. See the source record, the full corpus, or everything this site is built from.